Istamet XR 100/1000 Tablet

Generic Composition:

• Sitagliptin 100 mg (DPP-4 inhibitor)

• Metformin Hydrochloride 1000 mg XR (Biguanide, Extended Release)

Category: Oral Anti-Diabetic (Dual Combination)

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Description:

Istamet XR 100/1000 Tablet is a combination anti-diabetic medicine used to manage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in adults who are not adequately controlled with diet, exercise, and single-drug therapy.

• Sitagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) increases incretin hormone activity, which boosts insulin release and decreases glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. This results in lower blood sugar levels, particularly after meals.

• Metformin (XR) reduces glucose production in the liver, delays absorption of sugar from the intestines, and improves insulin sensitivity.

Together, they provide effective control of both fasting and post-meal glucose levels while reducing fluctuations, and help prevent long-term complications of diabetes.

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Uses:

• Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in adults

• Helps control fasting and postprandial blood sugar

• Reduces the risk of complications such as kidney disease, nerve damage, retinopathy, heart attack, and stroke

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Mechanism of Action:

• Sitagliptin (100 mg): Inhibits DPP-4 enzyme → prolongs incretin action → increases insulin release & reduces glucagon secretion → lowers blood sugar (especially after meals)

• Metformin XR (1000 mg): Lowers liver glucose production, delays intestinal glucose absorption, improves insulin sensitivity

• Combined effect: Comprehensive and balanced blood sugar control

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Dosage & Administration:

• Usually 1 tablet once daily with meals (as prescribed by doctor)

• Take with food to reduce stomach irritation (Metformin-related)

• Swallow whole with water; do not crush or chew (XR = Extended Release)

• Regular monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c is essential

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Common Side Effects:

• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach upset (Metformin-related)

• Headache, upper respiratory tract infection, sore throat (Sitagliptin-related)

• Hypoglycemia (risk increases when used with insulin or sulfonylureas)

• Fatigue, dizziness

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Serious Side Effects (rare):

• Lactic acidosis (Metformin): muscle pain, tiredness, difficulty breathing

• Pancreatitis (Sitagliptin): severe abdominal pain radiating to back, nausea, vomiting

• Allergic reactions: rash, swelling, difficulty breathing

• Liver dysfunction (rare)

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Warnings & Precautions:

• Not for Type 1 Diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis

• Avoid in severe kidney or liver impairment

• Use cautiously in elderly and heart patients

• Avoid alcohol (increases lactic acidosis risk with Metformin)

• Regular monitoring of blood sugar, kidney, and liver function is necessary